Long exposure photography – iPhone or camera?

Long exposure photography

I love long exposure images of moving water, especially when there's dramatic scenery. They look otherworldly because we never see water like this in reality. But long exposure photography is often seen as technically difficult and not something the relative beginner would attempt.

One of these images was taken super quickly with an iPhone (no tripod) and the other one with a camera on a tripod, with manual settings and a special filter. Can you tell which is which?

If, however, like me, you still enjoy shooting with a camera as well, it is a little more complicated. Long exposure photography requires slow shutter speeds and that means you have to use a tripod.  (If you're considering buying a tripod you should also read this post: A great tripod for beginners.)

Slow shutter speeds pose another challenge - the image will be overexposed, particularly if it's a bright scene. The answer is to use a dark filter. This is where it can get confusing if it's your first time browsing filters. The easiest to get started with is a neutral density filter. These are available in different formats but I'd recommend using a screw-on circular neutral density filter (if you already have a UV/daylight filter on your lens you can just attach the neutral density filter on top of it). They also come in different strengths, starting at ND4 up to ND1000. They are measured in stops. You can use a 2-stop ND filter to block a small amount of light, or a 10-stop ND filter to block most of the light. The more stops of light your filter blocks, the longer shutter speed you can get use.

The longer shutter speed you use, the smoother the motion becomes. For landscape shots with moving water a shutter speed of 20 to 30 seconds is a good guide. I opted for a ND1000 filter (10-stop) from Urth. This filter is so dark that when you attach it to the lens, you can no longer see the scene you are shooting! 

Here's the steps I used to take the long exposure shot with my Sony ZV-E10 camera (a great little camera for travel):

1. Mount the camera on the tripod.
2. Compose your shot without the filter on the lens so that you can see what you're doing.
3. You will need to shoot in Shutter Priority or Manual mode. Use a small aperture (around f20) to give a wide depth of field and to restrict the light. Set the ISO to 100. Set your shutter speed to whatever is required for the exposure. In my case it was 1/30.
4. Use autofocus initially but then switch to manual focus, as the camera will not be able to focus automatically once the dark filter is in place.
5. Set the self-timer or use a remote shutter. Switch off any stabilisation settings in the camera or lens. Also disable long exposure noise reduction. 
6.  Now attach the filter and the only setting you need to change is the shutter speed. I used 30 seconds (30"). Take your shot and review it. Adjust the shutter speed if necessary to brighten or darken the image. There are apps available to help you calculate the settings if you prefer.

I found it tricky to nail the focus, so use focus peaking if you have it, and be careful that you don't change the focus when screwing the filter on.

It can take a few gos before you get the result you want, but once you've mastered the technique you will find long exposure photography rather addictive and be looking for great locations and compositions.

I first tried long exposure photography in 2017 and was very happy to get a lovely shot without using a filter. Have a read to see how I did it.